Breast cancer vaccine may reduce risk of death

By Deena Beasley
13 april 2008 --A small trial of an experimental vaccine designed to trigger the immune system to fight breast cancer suggests that it may reduce the risk of death for most patients, U.S. military researchers said on Sunday.
The vaccine, designed to treat women with tumors that generate a protein called HER-2, has been licensed to Scottsdale, Arizona-based Apthera Inc under the brand name NeuVax.
If results from this 163-patient study are validated in a larger trial, the vaccine may offer a new therapy for the largest subset of breast cancer patients, said Linda Benavides, a resident in general surgery at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, and the study's lead researcher.
About 25 percent to 30 percent of women with breast cancer have tumors that express high levels of HER-2. Their tumors tend to grow faster and are more likely to recur than tumors that do not carry the protein.
Most of these women are currently treated with Herceptin, also known as trastuzumab, an expensive antibody-based drug made by Genentech Inc.
Researchers at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas tested NeuVax in women whose tumors generated low levels of HER-2 as well as women with high levels of the protein.
At 30 months follow-up, the injected vaccine was shown to cut the risk of death for all patients by half, and in the group of patients with low-expressing HER-2 tumors, no deaths were reported. Due to the small size of the study, the survival results were not statistically significant.
The study, presented here at a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), also showed that cancer recurred in 10.7 percent of vaccinated low-expressors, compared with 18.2 percent of the control group.
Benavides said that a planned Phase III trial of NeuVax in more than 700 patients will test the vaccine solely in women with tumors that generate low levels of HER-2 -- a group for which immune-targeting therapy is currently unavailable.
But these breast cancer patients already have a better prognosis than women with high levels of the protein, leading to questions about whether the results can be duplicated in a larger trial.
"The surprising result is that it was the low-expressing patients who had the better outcomes ... that makes it difficult to interpret the data," said Dr. William Hait, AACR president and head of oncology research at Johnson & Johnson's Ortho Biotech unit.
Benavides said the experimental vaccine offers a "very simplistic approach," toward targeting HER-2, adding that it would be "very cheap to mass produce."